PHYSICAL Therapy for BRAIN Injuries

• Concussion: A mild TBI usually caused by a blow or jolt to the head, resulting in temporary disruption of brain function.
• Contusion: A bruise on the brain often caused by a direct impact to the head.
• Penetrating Injury: Occurs when an object penetrates the skull and damages brain tissue.
• Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI): Widespread damage to nerve fibres in the brain resulting from rotational forces during acceleration-deceleration injuries.

• Stroke: A disruption of blood supply to the brain, leading to brain tissue damage.
• Anoxic Brain Injury: Caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain, resulting from events such as drowning, choking, or cardiac arrest.
• Infectious Diseases: Infections like meningitis or encephalitis can cause inflammation and damage to the brain.
• Tumors: Abnormal growths in the brain that can damage surrounding tissue and impair function.
• Toxic Exposure: Exposure to certain chemicals or substances can lead to brain damage.

Individuals with brain injuries may experience difficulties with mobility, muscle weakness, or coordination problems, affecting their ability to perform everyday tasks independently.

Brain injuries can impact cognitive functions such as memory, attention, problem-solving, and decision-making, making it challenging to concentrate, communicate effectively, or engage in complex activities.

Mood swings, irritability, depression, anxiety, or impulsivity are common emotional and behavioural challenges faced by those with brain injuries, which can significantly impact their quality of life and interpersonal relationships.

Brain injury survivors may struggle with activities of daily living, such as self-care, meal preparation, or household chores, requiring assistance and support to regain independence.